Thursday, June 30, 2011

A strange event...


On one of the last days, we thought it would be a great way to thank the primary health center's (PHC) staffers by getting them a cake and to surprise them at the end. One of my fellow colleagues, Sarah and I were free so when we heard that there was a delivery continuing to occur since 11 am, we decided to go and watch at 2:15pm. 

The mother had been pushing since 11:30 but the crowning had just happened when we had walked in. The mother and some other family members had been in the room asking the nurses, the health worker, and peon if they should take the mother to a private hospital. However, the mother was not able to push effectively so the nurses tried to slap and pinch the mother in the face and on the thighs to cause pain and lead to pushing. The nurse would yell at the woman to push. She looked really annoyed at the mother. These practices are common we later heard from another American intern who had been working in the delivery center. Another intern who had been present during the entire delivery said that earlier on the nurse and midwife had been slapping her face and pinching her vagina and had given her an episiotomy without anaesthesia.

My mentor, Nadja, was not present until much later on. Later on on discussing the case with her, she said that at this point as there was prolonged labour and exhausted mother, a C-section should have been conducted but PHC is not allowed/ equipped to do a C-section. It was poor decision making on the nurses' part to let the delivery continue so long. The baby finally came out at 2:57. Initially the baby wriggled, but when the umbilical cord was cut, it turned the normal blue- but it failed to cry. The nurse hypothesized because of the prolonged labor, the baby had probably swallowed meconium, the poop, and could not breathe. They tried to use the suction but at that point the power and UPS packed up. The baby started to turn really blue and looked lifeless. The nurses tried to rub the baby’s back roughly and slap his feet to induce sensation in the baby. But, nothing was really happening to the baby. In the meantime, the nurse removed the mother’s placenta and stitched her up. The mother and grandmother of the baby came into the room and assisted with the mother. The doctor was also called into the room after 10 minutes and he tried to ventilate the baby with an ambu-bag while the nurses continued to rub the baby’s back and hit the feet. He kept hearing a heart beat, so he kept trying. After 30 minutes had passed, Nadja came into the room. She recognized that it would be best to call the ambulance. Nadja felt uncomfortable about intervening in doctor’s decisions which is why she tool 5 minutes before saying anything. After Nadja suggested that the ambulance could take the baby to take to the recently built pregnancy center, the doctor agreed. 

He called the ambulance . It took time to ask about the seriousness of the case and the location. The ambulance arrived at 3:45. When the ambulance arrived, Sarah asked the nurse why they didn’t call earlier, they said that it was their first priority to try everything at their PHC first, otherwise they will be scolded. We were shocked by this as it seemed to us like they were more interested in not appearing  incompetent yet at the cost of a life. Nadja when handed the stethoscope to check for the heart beat heard 2 faint beats in 40 seconds to a minute, whereas Sharath previously seems to have heard 40 beets a minute. Before the ambulance could leave, many of the mother’s family members climbed into the ambulance. The ambulance was not even completely ready to move the baby. They were still getting things in order. One of the members had left their chappelles behind and asked for it, wasting time. Then a young girl went to get it and put it on and tried to shuffle on over to the ambulance- a completely absurd end to the incident. Finally both the mother and baby were taken to the hospital

On one of last days, we see how the clinic is not ready to handle emergency situations for one of its primary health concerns- day to day events have become a routine but the mindset and system's priorities are so warped that the baby suffered.

Then, we cut the cake and took pictures. Everyone from the PHC seemed to have a great time and did not seem too perturbed by the prior events. It was a strange atmosphere for us, as we were quite emotionally shaken by the prior events.

Monday, June 13, 2011

Two Weeks Flew By...


During the first two weeks I spent at the Karuna Trust primary health center (PHC), I used techniques in medical anthropology to begin evaluating and formulating some thoughts on the effectiveness of model public health initiative. This experience has allowed me to feel like an anthropologist, to think like an anthropologist, and to decide that simply being an anthropologist is not enough. The first two points I will start to discuss in this post, but the last point, I believe may take a few more posts to fully explain.

Everyone knows the saying, “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” The cliché seems to appear in many forms and in many stages throughout our lives. This cliché is what an ethnographer tries to overcome when she tries to get beneath the skin of the population to the very essence. Such a task requires that she immerses herself fully in the place of study. Some initial steps maybe buying clothes worn in the locality, learning the language, or even starting to forget about elements of her place of origin. These small steps are necessary, but establishing a rapport with the community is vital in eliciting the knowledge or the low-down. The relationship at first always seems to be suppressed by formalities; only when you are around all the time and you are a fixed figure in the environment, do the formalities begin to melt away. I’m speaking like someone who has been in the field for years and years, but I am very much a beginner.

These weeks have allowed me to tease apart the history of the PHC and its unique focus on mental health through interviews and observations. The NGO’s decision to form a public-private partnership with the government has significantly impacted the roles individuals possess currently and the type of programming that the PHC now supports. But, this sensitive knowledge and opinions regarding the transitions would never have been revealed if it were not for the rapport that was established between us, researchers, and members of the community, the health workers of the PHC. Whether it is just being around the clinic everyday or sharing a meal with the nurses, in just two weeks we were hearing about the complaints about the medical officer, being invited to housewarming ceremonies, and receiving text messages from a very flirty and totally ridiculous field worker.

I am not saying it only takes 2 weeks to become integrated into a brand new community. But, for me it certainly helps that I am Indian, can semi speak Tamil even though I am in a Kannada-speaking land (the place where I am staying borders Tamil Nadu so people can sometimes understand Tamil), and just always have a smile on my face. Although there is an element of distance that arises when using a translator, at times I can make out some words and try to observe body language and speech patterns to detect unsaid cues, and sometimes having a feeling in your bones helps too...

I still have a week and half to finish up the case study before heading back to Bangalore to analyze and travel, but this entry is a start of a series to share with you the issues that irked me and meetings and interviews that transformed me. Hopefully, writing this will also help me shape my future.

Wednesday, May 25, 2011

Sick...

So, I don't know what I ate, but something I ate yesterday just crippled me today. I had to skip work because I could not move and had a splitting headache.... this actually never happens to me when I come to India. My stomach is always under control so it was a bit strange...all this after I raved about the food in India...Ah the irony!

Anyway, I felt horrible for having my cousin's wife leave work to drop me off at her neighbor's place. Her neighbors were these two sweet 60 something year olds who basically let a stranger crash at their place... I slept literally the whole day- getting up only to eat a little, chat a little, play a little computer game with the lady... they had the most interesting stories to tell. Their two sons are both settled in US and both are married to white women. The couple has grandchildren, whom they adore and have visited many times in the US . But, there is a struggle to maintain a connection with their grandchildren, while not wanting to burden their sons and not leaving their roots in India... I want to go back and have a real chat when I feel like myself...

Funny thing is I have to go on my case study tomorrow morning at 6am. So, I needed this rest! I am going to be staying in rural public health center in Gumballi, Karnataka run by the Karuna Trust for the next 24ish days. I am looking forward to observing, recording, and getting to know their practices in treating mental illness. I am definitely a bit nervous about being away from my comfort zone... I have never just immersed myself in a project like this before...

Sadly, internet access is very very limited so I doubt I will be able to post for the next month or so... but the I will try to write posts in a word document and mass post when I get back...

I'll leave you with an interesting ad I found in the newspaper! Corruption is rampant in India...I don't know if it has any effect really but I found this ad to be particularly innovative!

Anusha


Saturday, May 21, 2011

The Journey and then some...

Two layers, three flights, listening to a German choir composed of old men sing an impromptu concert in the Dosseldoff airport, beating all the levels in the free Angry Birds app on my iPhone, and I am finally here!

This was definitely one of my longest journeys to India to date! Started from Newark, then stopped at Dosseldoff, Germany, then caught another flight to Frankfurt, and finally headed to Bangalore, India where I was greeted by my cousin and his lovely wife at 1:30 in the morning. We shared some lime juice and crashed at their apartment.



Today, my cousin and I ordered some idly (ground rice dumpling), vada (fried rice dumpling) and sambar (lentil vegetable stew), went to the super market for some groceries, and tried watching a movie before I crashed. I was supposed to have Anu's Kitchen: Season India with my cousin as the surprise guest and make lunch... Instead, I conked out for 3 hours. I may not be invincible... but then again...

After I woke up from the brief jet lag, we watched Fast Five- the new fast and furious movie- bootleg version of course- it's actually a pretty good action movie with heart- and then we went out for some chat (Indian snack food)- I had samosa chat and shared pani puri (a fried hollow ball fill with potatoes and a spicy water) with my cousin. Delicious! I feel that a major part of this blog will definitely be the food! Maybe I should start taking pictures to tempt you all!

We went and saw their new apartment they are about to furnish. A life together- that's what they're building but while taking into consideration that there is a future where their parents may come live with them, may start a family, among other considerations...

Anyway, tomorrow I'll check out the place I'll be working from...I'll let you know how that goes!

 Many more adventures to follow!

Anusha

Tuesday, May 17, 2011

What am I doing this summer?


I am heading to India on Thursday. Crazy I know! Two weeks at home have passed so rapidly! But I am psyched for the journey. I got my malaria pills, my new camera, and enthusiasm for my research. I was skeptical of blogging but I hope the pictures I take will give sketches of my experience in India, whether it's observing NGOs or visiting my cousin's new baby girl! Hope you enjoy and feel free to comment!

Research:

This summer, I will be testing the hypothesis that non-specialist health workers (NSHW) can be effective in delivering mental health care. The aim is thus to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of NSHW involvement in mental healthcare in low resource settings to better inform the process of health system organization and delivery of mental health services at primary care and community levels. The proposed project examines the effectiveness of NSHW in mental healthcare in government and non-governmental primary and community mental healthcare initiatives in India.

To address the research objectives, quantitative, historical and qualitative methods will draw on several data sources. I will be assisting my research mentor, Dr. Nadja van Ginneken and Professor Vikram Patel of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, in conducting ethnographic observations and interviews at NGOs and Government Hospitals in Karnataka, India. I will also analyze the observations and interviews to arrive at a conclusion on the effectiveness of NSHW.